  (aged 45) | death_place = Moravian of the Thames(near modern Chatham–Kent, Ontario) | other_names = Tecumtha, Tekamthi | nationality = Shawnee | known_for   = Tecumseh's War, Tecumseh's Confederacy, War of 1812 | parents     = Pucksinwah, Methoataske | occupation  =  }}  '''Tecumseh''' (March 1768 – October 5, 1813), also known as '''Tecumtha''' or '''Tekamthi''', was a leader of the Shawnee, an Algonquian-speaking Native American people.  He was born along the Scioto River in Ohio, at a time when the Shawnee were attempting to defend their territory against white expansion and reunite in the Ohio Valley, from which they had been displaced in the 17th century.  Postwar claims of the United States to land north of the Ohio River prevented a peaceful settlement with the Shawnee. In 1786 the Kentucky militia destroyed several Shawnee villages, including Tecumseh's. The tribe moved to the Maumee River, where they coordinated intertribal resistance to the white settlement of the Northwest. It was during these forays that Tecumseh, under the leadership of his oldest brother, Cheeseekau, earned a reputation as a brave and energetic warrior.  Tecumseh did not attend the signing of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795, in which the American Indians ceded most of Ohio to the United States. In 1797 he led his following to the west fork of the White River, below present-day Anderson, Indiana. During the years that followed, the American Indian communities were troubled by alcoholism, disease, faltering economies, and after 1802, the renewal of American land hunger.  Tecumseh spent several years traveling among the northwestern tribes, attempting to build a united front against the Americans. He contended that the American Indians held land in common and that no individual or tribe had the right to cede territory without the consent of the others. These ideas had been part of the rhetoric of pan-Indianism since 1783, and intertribal unity had been a mainstay of Shawnee diplomacy as early as 1746. Tecumseh was distinguished not by the originality of his ideas, but by the energy and vitality he brought to the flagging cause.  Shortly after the outbreak of the War of 1812, Tecumseh joined the British at Fort Malden. He was instrumental in securing a band of warriors from various tribes that enabled the overextended British forces to defeat an invasion from across the Detroit River by an American army under Brigadier General William Hull. After Hull's forces occupied the Canadian town of Sandwich on July 13, Tecumseh's warriors skirmished with his advance troops.  He returned in April and participated in a campaign led by Procter to invade Ohio in an effort to forestall further attacks by the United States. Between April 28 and May 9, Tecumseh and a British-Indian army of 2,200 besieged Fort Meigs on the Maumee River. They failed to capture the fort but on May 5 severely defeated an American relief army.  Tecumseh's protection of prisoners after this battle increased his reputation for humanity. After the failure of a second attempt to take Fort Meigs, the destruction of British naval supremacy on Lake Erie in September restored the initiative to the United States. With communications to the St. Lawrence River threatened, Procter decided to retreat to the head of Lake Ontario.  Successive misadventures and evidence of bad faith on the part of Procter intensified the American Indians' distrust, and by October 5, at the Battle of the Thames, the British-Indian army was reduced to about 1,000 troops and was heavily outnumbered by the American army under William Henry Harrison. The British quickly gave way in the fight, but the American Indians resisted bravely until Tecumseh was killed. In succeeding years many of his foes sought political capital out of Tecumseh's defeat and death, including Richard Mentor Johnson, whose election to the vice presidency in 1837 was assisted by a claim that he had personally killed the chief in the battle.  ==Origins== Tecumseh's  place and date of birth are unknown and all accounts of his early life are based on a memoir dictated by his older brother years after Tecumseh's death. Based on his brother's account, Tecumseh (''Tekoomsē': &quot;Shooting Star&quot; or &quot;Panther Across The Sky&quot; George Blanchard, the Governor of the Absentee Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, so describes the meaning of the name in the PBS documentary [ ''We Shall Remain: Tecumseh's Vision''] : 'Well, I've always heard &quot;Teh-cum-theh&quot; — &quot;Teh-cum-theh&quot; — means, in our culture and our belief, at nights when we see a falling star, it means that this panther is jumping from one mountain to another. And as kids, we saw these falling stars, we'd kind of hesitate about being out in the dark, because we thought there were actually panthers out there walking around. So that's what his name meant: Teh-cum-theh') was born about March 9, 1768, at a village on the Scioto River. John Sudgen believes the place was either Chillicothe or Kispoko Town.Sudgen, p. 22 His father was Pucksinwah, a minor Shawnee war chief of the Kispoko (&quot;Dancing Tail&quot; or &quot;Panther&quot;) branch of the tribe. His mother was named Methoataske and belonged to the Pekowi branch of the tribe.  She was Pucksinwah's second wife.   As Shawnee lineage was traced patrilineally, Tecumseh was considered a Kispoko. At the time of his parents' marriage, their tribe was living somewhere near modern Tuscaloosa, Alabama.  The people had settled in that region among the Creek tribe nearly 100 years earlier after being driven from their more northerly territory in the late 17th century by the Iroqouis during the Beaver Wars.Sugden, p. 13&amp;ndash;14  About 1759 the Pekowi branch of the tribe decided to move northward into the Ohio Country. Not wanting to force his wife to choose between him or her family, Pucksinwah decided to travel north with her. The Pekowi founded the settlement of Chillicothe, where Tecumseh was likely born. Not long after his birth, the family moved again to the village of Scioto. Tecumseh's father took part in the Seven Years War (also known as the French and Indian War) during the 1760s, and later in Lord Dunmore’s War; he was killed at the Battle of Point Pleasant in 1774.Sugden, pp. 16&amp;ndash;22  ==Early life== ===Frontier conflicts===   At least five times between 1774 and 1782, Tecumseh's village was attacked by colonials and later American armies as the Shawnee allied with the British during the American Revolutionary War. Following his father's death, his family moved back to Chief Blackfish's nearby village of Chillicothe. The town was destroyed in 1779 by Kentucky militia in reprisal for Blackfish's attack on Boonesborough.Sugden, p. 33 His family fled, and moved to another nearby Kispoko village, but their new home was destroyed the following year by forces under the command of George Rogers Clark. The family moved a third time to the village of Sanding Stone. That village was attacked by Clark in November of 1782, causing them to move again to a new settlement near modern Bellefontaine, Ohio.Sugden, p. 36  Violence continued unabated on the American frontier after the American Revolution as the Northwest Indian War. A large tribal confederacy, known as the Western Confederacy that included all the major tribes of the Ohio and Illinois country, joined together to repel the American settlers from the region.Sugden, p. 37 As the war between the confederacy and the Americans grew, Tecumseh became a warrior and took an active part fighting along with his older brother Cheeseekua beginning at age fifteen. Tecumseh participated in several battles, including the 1794 Fallen Timbers, which ended the war in favor of the American settlers.Sugden, p. 38  ===Tenskwatawa=== Tenskwatawa, by [[George Catlin.]]  Tecumseh eventually settled in what is now Greenville, Ohio, the home of his younger brother, Lowawluwaysica (&quot;One With Open Mouth&quot;) who would later take the new name of Tenskwatawa (&quot;The Open Door&quot;), and achieved widespread fame as &quot;The Shawnee Prophet&quot;. In 1805, a religious revival led by Tenskwatawa emerged following a series of witchhunts that ensued following an outbreak of smallpox. His beliefs were based on the earlier teachings the Lenape prophets Scattamek and Neolin who predicted a coming apocalypse that would destroy the settlers moving into what had previously been Native American lands.Owens, p. 210&amp;ndash;211   Tenskwatawa urged natives to reject the ways of the settlers, give up firearms, liquor, European style clothing, to only pay traders half the value of their debts, and to refrain from ceding any more lands to the United States. The teachings led tensions to rise between the settlers and his followers. Opposing Tenskwatawa was the Shawnee leader Black Hoof, who was working to maintain a peaceful relationship with the United States.   The earliest recording of Tecumseh's interaction with the Americans was in 1807 with Indian agent William Wells who met with Blue Jacket and other Shawnee leaders in Greenville to determine their intentions after the recent murder of a settler. Tecumseh was among those who spoke with Wells and assured him that his band of Shawnee intended to remain at peace and only wanted to follow the will of the Great Spirit and his prophet. According to Wells's report, at the meeting Tecumseh informed him of the Prophet's intention to move with his followers to a new village deeper into the frontier.Sugden, pp. 4&amp;ndash;7  By 1808, tensions with the settlers and the Shawnee compelled Black Hoof to demand that Tenskwatawa and his followers leave the area. Tecumseh was among the leaders of the group, and helped decide to move further northwest and establish the village of Prophetstown near the confluence of the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers (near present-day Battle Ground, Indiana). The site was in Miami tribe territory, and their War Chief Little Turtle warned the group not to settle there for fear they would disturb the Miami's relations with the American settlers. Despite the threat, they moved into the region and the Miami did not take action against them. According to his brother, Tecumseh was already at that time contemplating a pan-tribal confederacy to counter American expansion into Indian held lands and held an important place in the group.Sugden, p. 9  Tenskwatawa's religious teachings became more widely known as did his predictions on the coming doom of the Americans. His teachings attracted numerous members of other tribes to Prophetstown and formed the basis of a sizable confederacy of tribes in the southwestern great lakes region. Tecumseh eventually emerged as the primary leader of this confederation, though it was built upon a foundation established by the religious appeal of his younger brother. Relatively few in confederacy were Shawnee; although Tecumseh is often portrayed as the leader of the Shawnee, the confederacy was made up primarily of other tribes.&quot;Shawnee.&quot; ''Encyclopedia of North American Indians''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996. [ History Study Center]. ProQuest LLC. 26 November 2008.  ==Tecumseh's War==   {| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin-right: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:pale grey; color:black; width:31em; max-width: 45%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;5&quot; | style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;|Depictions of Choctaw Chief Pushmataha (left) and Tecumseh.&quot;These white Americans ... give us fair exchange, their cloth, their guns, their tools, implements, and other things which the Choctaws need but do not make ... So in marked contrast with the experience of the Shawnee, it will be seen that the whites and Indians in this section are living on friendly and mutually beneficial terms.&quot;  '''Pushmataha''', 1811---------------------&quot;Where today are the Pequot? Where are the Narragansett, the Mohican, the Pocanet, and other powerful tribes of our people? They have vanished before the avarice and oppression of the white man ... Sleep not longer, O Choctaws and Chickasaws ... Will not the bones of our dead be plowed up, and their graves turned into plowed fields?&quot; '''Tecumseh''', 1811  |}  The two principal adversaries of Tecumseh's War, Tecumseh and William Henry Harrison, had both been junior participants in the Battle of Fallen Timbers at the close of the Northwest Indian War in 1794. Tecumseh was not among the signers of the Treaty of Greenville that had ended the war and ceded much of present-day Ohio, long inhabited by the Shawnee and other Native Americans, to the United States. However, many Indian leaders in the region accepted the Greenville terms, and for the next ten years pan-tribal resistance to American hegemony faded.  After the Treaty of Greenville, most of the Ohio Shawnee settled at the Shawnee village of Wapakoneta on the Auglaize River, where they were led by Black Hoof, a senior chief who had signed the treaty. Little Turtle, a war chief of the Miamis, who had also participated in the earlier war and signed the Greenville Treaty, lived in his village on the Eel River. Both Black Hoof and Little Turtle urged cultural adaptation and accommodation with the United States.  The tribes of the region participated in several treaties including the Treaty of Grouseland and the Treaty of Vincennes that gave and recognized American possession of most of southern Indiana and western Ohio. The treaties resulted in an easing of tensions by allowing settlers into Indiana and appeasing the Indians with reimbursement for the lands the settlers were squatting on.  ===Rising tensions=== In September 1809, William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana Territory, negotiated the Treaty of Fort Wayne in which a delegation of Indians ceded 3 million acres (12,000&amp;nbsp;km²) of Native American lands to the United States. The treaty negotiations were questionable as they were unauthorized by the President and involved what some historians compared to bribery, offering large subsidies to the tribes and their chiefs, and the liberal distribution of liquor before the negotiations.[ ''Treaty with the Delawares, Etc., 1809'']. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau.  Tecumseh's opposition to the treaty marked his emergence as a prominent leader. Although Tecumseh and the Shawnee had no claim on the land sold, he was alarmed by the massive sale as many of the followers in Prophetstown were Piankeshaw, Kickapoo, and Wea; the primary inhabitants of the land. Tecumseh revived an idea advocated in previous years by the Shawnee leader Blue Jacket and the Mohawk leader Joseph Brant, which stated that Indian land was owned in common by all tribes.Owens, p. 203  Not ready to confront the United States directly, Tecumseh's primary adversaries were initially the Indian leaders who had signed the treaty. An impressive orator, Tecumseh began to travel widely, urging warriors to abandon accommodationist chiefs and to join him in resistance of the treaty.Owens, p. 209 Tecumseh insisted that the Fort Wayne treaty was illegal; he asked Harrison to nullify it, and warned that Americans should not attempt to settle on the lands sold in the treaty. Tecumseh is quoted as saying, &quot;No tribe has the right to sell [land], even to each other, much less to strangers.... Sell a country!? Why not sell the air, the great sea, as well as the earth? Didn't the Great Spirit make them all for the use of his children?&quot; And, &quot;....the only way to stop this evil [loss of land] is for the red man to unite in claiming a common and equal right in the land, as it was first, and should be now, for it was never divided.&quot;Steinberg, Theodore. ''Slide Mountain or The Folly of Owning Nature''. [ Chapter 5, &quot;Three-D Deeds: The Rise of Air Rights in New York&quot;] University of California Press, 1996.:  ===Confrontation===  in 1810, Tecumseh loses his temper when William Henry Harrison refuses to rescind the Treaty of Fort Wayne.]]  In August 1810 Tecumseh led four hundred armed warriors from Prophetstown to confront Harrison at his Vincennes home, Grouseland. Their appearance startled the townspeople, and the situation quickly became dangerous when Harrison rejected Tecumseh's demands and argued that individual tribes could have relations with the United States, and that Tecumseh's interference was unwelcome by the tribes of the area. Tecumseh launched an impassioned rebuttal against Harrison.Langutth, p. 165   (Governor William Harrison), ''you have the liberty to return to your own country ... you wish to prevent the Indians from doing as we wish them, to unite and let them consider their lands as common property of the whole ... You never see an Indian endeavor to make the white people do this ... Sell a country! Why not sell the air, the great sea, as well as the earth? Did not the Great Spirit make them all for the use of his children? How can we have confidence in the white people?''    Tecumseh began inciting the warriors to kill Harrison, who responded by pulling his sword. The small garrison defending the town quickly moved to protect Harrison. Potawatomi Chief Winnemac arose and countered Tecumseh's arguments to the group, and urged the warriors to leave in peace. As they left, Tecumseh informed Harrison that unless he rescinded the treaty, he would seek an alliance with the British.Langguth, p. 167  In 1811, Tecumseh again met with Harrison at his home after being summoned following the murder of settlers on the frontier. Tecumseh told Harrison that the Shawnee and their Native American brothers wanted to remain at peace with the United States but these differences had to be resolved. The meeting had just a merely tentative character and both parties probably inferred from it that war was unavoidable.  ===Tecumseh's pan-Indian campaign=== Following the meeting Tecumseh traveled south, on a mission to recruit allies among the Five Civilized Tribes. The war speech he delivered to the Muscogee (Creek) at Tuckaubatchee, in October 1811, has been so reported by General Samuel Dale, who was present at the meeting:    }} Here is also, however, the text of quite a different-toned speech which Tecumseh allegedly delivered to a band of Osages on his way back home in 1811. It was reported by John Dunn Hunter, an Anglo-American whose parents had been killed by the Kickapoos, and who had been later raised among the Osages.cf. [ History tools by Professor Benjamin Reiss]  (accessible online in [ books.google]) }}   Despite Tecumseh's efforts, anyhow, most of the southern nations rejected his appeals, and particularly Choctaw Chief Pushmataha, who stood fast and insisted upon sticking to the peace treaties that had been signed with the U.S. Government.cf. box at the beginning of the present section, Tecumseh's War However,  a faction among the Creeks, who came to be known as the Red Sticks, answered his call to arms, leading to the Creek War.  , as drawn by William Henry Smyth]]  A comet appeared in March 1811. The Shawnee leader Tecumseh, whose name meant &quot;shooting star&quot;, told the Creeks that the comet signaled his coming. Tecumseh's confederacy and allies took it as an omen of good luck. McKenney reported that Tecumseh claimed he would prove that the Great Spirit had sent him to the Creeks by giving the tribes a sign.  ===Tippecanoe===    was interpreted by the Muscogee as a sign to support the Shawnee's resistance.]]  If Tecumseh, soon after Vincennes’s meeting, got down to preparing for war, Governor Harrison got much further. Having heard from his excellent intelligence that Tecumseh was far away, he sent this report to the Department of War: Tecumseh “is now upon the last round to put a finishing stroke upon his work. I hope, however, before his return that that part of the work which he considered complete will be demolished and even its foundation rooted up.” quoted by Reed Beard, (1889) ''The battle of Tippecanoe: historical sketches of the famous field upon which General William Henry Harrison won renown that aided him in reaching the presidency; lives of the Prophet and Tecumseh, with many interesting incidents of their rise and overthrow. The campaign of 1888 and election of General Benjamin Harrison'', Tippecanoe Pub. co. (the 1911 edition has been digitized by the Internet Archive with funding from Microsoft Corporation and is accessible ''online'' in [ archive.org]; it has been also reprinted in 2010 by General Books LLC, ISBN 978-1152626416) Accordingly, Governor Harrison moved from Vincennes on September 26, 1811, with about 1,000 men in fighting trim, and marched on Tippecanoe. On November 6, Harrison's army arrived outside Prophetstown. The Prophet sent a messenger to meet with Harrison and requested that a meeting be held the next day to negotiate. Harrison encamped his army on a nearby hill and, during the early dawn hours of November 7, the confederacy launched a sneak attack on his camp. In the subsequent Battle of Tippecanoe, Harrison's men held their ground, and the Indians withdrew from the village after their defeat. The victorious Americans burned the town and returned to Vincennes.Langguth, p. 168  The Battle of Tippecanoe was a severe blow for Tenskwatawa, who lost both prestige and the confidence of his brother. Although it was a significant setback, Tecumseh began to secretly rebuild his alliance upon his return. The Americans soon after went to war with the British in the War of 1812, and Tecumseh's War became a part of that larger struggle.  On December 11, 1811, the New Madrid Earthquake shook the South and the Midwest. The interpretation of this event varied from tribe to tribe.  It led some tribes, like the Osage, Creek, and Sauk to increase their support for Tecumseh, believing the event to be a sign that the Prophets predictions were coming to pass. Tribes who had been traditionally unreceptive to Tecumseh's call in the past, like the Delaware and most Shawnee, still failed to rally to his cause.Sudgen, pp. 249&amp;ndash;252  ==War of 1812== ===Detroit frontier=== Tecumseh rallied his confederacy and led his forces to join the British army attacking the northwest from Canada. Tecumseh joined British Major-General Sir Isaac Brock in the siege of Detroit, and forced its surrender in August 1812. As Brock advanced to a point just out of range of Detroit's guns, Tecumseh had his approximately four hundred warriors parade from a nearby wood and circle around to repeat the maneuver, making it appear that his army was much larger. The fort commander, Brigadier General William Hull, surrendered in fear of a massacre should he refuse. The victory was of a great strategic value to the invaders.Burton, Pierre (1980) ''The Invasion of Canada.'' Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, pp. 177-182.  This victory was reversed a little over a year later as Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry's victory on Lake Erie, late in the summer of 1813, cut British supply lines. Perry's victory also allowed William Henry Harrison, who was defending at Fort Miegs, to cross Lake Erie to threaten Fort Detroit. The British burned all public buildings in Detroit and retreated into Upper Canada along the Thames Valley before they could be captured. Tecumseh and his men followed fighting rearguard actions to slow the American advance.  ===Battle of the Thames===   The next British commander, Major-General Henry Procter, did not have the same working relationship with Tecumseh as his predecessor and the two disagreed over tactics. Procter favored withdrawing into Canada and avoiding battle while the Americans suffered from the winter. Tecumseh was more eager to launch a decisive action to defeat the American army and allow his men to retake their homes in the northwest.Langguth, p. 196 Procter failed to appear at Chatham, Ontario, though he had promised Tecumseh that he would make a stand against the Americans there. Tecumseh moved his men to meet Procter again and informed him that he would withdraw no farther into Canadian territory, and if the British wanted his continued help then an action had to be fought. The despairing speech Tecumseh delivered before Procter, bitterly hinting at his weakness, concluded with these foreseeing words.  ''Father, listen!—The Americans have not yet defeated us by land—neither are we sure that they have done so by water—Tecumseh was referring to the naval Battle of Lake Erie (10 September 1813) we therefore wish to remain here, and fight our enemy, should they make their appearance... Father!—You have got the arms and the ammunition which our great father ''[the King of England]'' sent for his red children. If you have an idea of going away, give them to us. Our lives are in the hands of the Great Spirit. We are determined to defend our lands, and if it be his will, we wish to leave our bones upon them''the speech was repeatedly reported by Benjamin Bussey Thatcher in his works about the North-East Indians; see, ''Indian Biography, or An historical account of those individuals who have been distinguished among the North American natives as orators, warriors, statesmen and other remarkable characters'', New York, J. &amp; J. Harper, 1832, vol. II, p. 237 (accessible online in [ books.google])  Harrison and his army crossed into Upper Canada and on October 5, 1813, won a decisive victory over the British and Native Americans at the Battle of the Thames near Moraviantown. Tecumseh was killed, and shortly after the battle, the tribes of his confederacy surrendered to Harrison at Detroit.Langguth, p. 206  As to the actual circumstances surrounding Tecumseh’s death, Americans said he had been slain by Colonel Richard Johnson during a cavalry charge.it was just after a campaign based on the slogan &quot;Rumpsey Dumpsey, Rumpsey Dumpsey, Colonel Johnson killed Tecumseh&quot;, that Johnson became Vice President of the United States, in 1836, to serve with Martin Van Buren; as the sole case in U.S. history, he fell short of the electoral votes needed to secure his election in the first instance, and had to get later appointed by the Senate The Wyandot historian Peter D. Clarke, however, after consulting Indians that had taken part in the battle, wrote:  ''Among the retreating Indians was a Potawatamie brave, who, on perceiving an American officer (supposed to be Colonel Johnson) on horse, close upon him, turned to tomahawk his pursuer, but was shot down by him with his pistol. … The fallen Potawatamie brave was probably taken for Tecumseh by some of Harrison's infantry, and mutilated soon after the battle.A half-Indian and half-white, named William Caldwell, whilst retreating, after the last encounter, overtook and passed Tecumseh, who was walking along slowly, using his rifle for a staff—when asked by Caldwell if he was wounded, he replied in English, &quot; I am shot &quot;—Caldwell noticed where a rifle bullet had penetrated his breast, through his buckskin hunting coat. His body was found by his friends, where he had laid ''[sic]'' down to die, untouched, within the vicinity of the battle ground…Several of Harrison's army claimed to have killed Tecumseh. &quot;I killed Tecumseh; I have some of his beard&quot; one would say ; &quot;I killed Tecumseh,&quot; another would clamour; &quot;I have a piece of his skin to make me a razor strop !&quot; none of these bragadocias ''[sic]'' were in the last battle, in which the brave Chief received his mortal wound.'' Clarke, pp. 113-115   ==Legacy== ===Memorials=== Tecumseh commemorative [[Shawnee Nation dollar]] ]] The US Navy named four ships , the first one as early as 1863. The Canadian naval reserve unit HMCS Tecumseh is based in Calgary, Alberta. Tecumseh is honored in Canada as a hero and military commander who played a major role in Canada's successful repulsion of an American invasion in the War of 1812, which, among other things, eventually led to Canada's nationhood in 1867 with the British North America Act. Among the tributes, Tecumseh is ranked 37th in The Greatest Canadian list. An 1848 drawing of Tecumseh was based on a sketch done from life in 1808. Benson Lossing altered the original by putting Tecumseh in a British uniform.  He is also honored by a portrait which hangs in the Royal Canadian Military Institute. The unveiling of the work, commissioned under the patronage of Kathryn Langley Hope and Trisha Langley, took place at the Toronto-based RCMI on October 29, 2008.[ Welland Tribune (Article ID# 2803886)]  Union Civil War general William Tecumseh Sherman, was given the name Tecumseh because &quot;my father...had caught a fancy for the great chief of the Shawnees.&quot;''WTS Memoirs'', 2d ed. 11 (Lib. of America 1990) Another Civil War general, Napoleon Jackson Tecumseh Dana, also bore the name of the Shawnee leader. (Evolutionary biologist and cognitive scientist W. Tecumseh Fitch was named after the general, not after Tecumseh.)  ===Tecumseh in popular culture===  Ann Rinaldi's 1997 novel ''The Second Bend in the River'' depicts a fictionalized version of a romance between Tecumseh and Rebecca Galloway.Galloway, William Albert.  ''Old Chillicothe''. Xenia, OH: The Buckeye Press, 1934.  Later, Orson Scott Card's novel ''Red Prophet'' and the twelve part comic book version of the novel, featured Tecumseh (named Ta-Kumsaw in Card's work). The cover of one of the issues of the comic book series was a copy of a painting of Tecumseh by John Buxton, which had been commissioned by the Heritage Center of Clark County, Ohio.[ BYLINE:    Andrew McGinn Staff Writer  DATE: February 22, 2007  PUBLICATION: Springfield News-Sun (OH)  ===Places named in honor of Tecumseh=== ====United States==== *Tecumseh, Kansas *Tecumseh, Michigan *Tecumseh, Missouri *Tecumseh, Nebraska *Tecumseh, Oklahoma *Mount Tecumseh in New Hampshire  ====Canada==== *Tecumseh, Ontario *New Tecumseth, Ontario  ===Schools, institutions, and organizations named in honor of Tecumseh=== ====High schools==== *Tecumseh High School (Indiana) in Lynnville, Indiana *Tecumseh High School (Michigan) in Tecumseh, Michigan *Tecumseh High School (Franklin Furnace, Ohio) *Tecumseh High School (New Carlisle, Ohio) *Tecumseh High School (Oklahoma) in Tecumseh, Oklahoma  ====Elementary schools==== *Tecumseh Elementary School (New York) in Farmingville, New York *Tecumseh Elementary School in Vancouver, British Columbia *Tecumseh Public School (formerly Tecumseh High School) in Burlington, Ontario *Tecumseh Public School in Mississauga, Ontario  ====YMCA camp==== *YMCA Camp Tecumseh in Brookston, Indiana  