  Day 1 in 15 ideas Note: This was done before reading the English translation of the texts, and definitely before reading anything but my compulsory textbook.
It's simply my memorisation guide and I am posting it as a skeleton to build from :) . [ *** marks the subjects I don't see so clearly, and therefore might be good places to start discussing from] de Saussure: Language is a sign system and therefore comparable to writing and deaf-signing, etc. However, it is the most important of sign systems Therefore we can conceive a science that would study the sign inside social life, Semiology .
Such science would be a branch of social Psychology. Linguistics would be a branch of this science, and Semiology's laws would apply to it and therefore define its domain as that of human acts . Prieto The term Semiology went back to light in 1943 when Buyssens decides to go on with the saussurian project . Until hen other linguistics had established laws that not only governed languages, but also other sign systems (and this would be the base).
Buyssens decides that the limits of Semiology would be those defined by him as the "communicative act" . Every act of language is a communicative act but not the other way around. Semiology is, then, an extended Linguistics From here there are two branches or movements. One of them is centripetal, starts from Semiology and uses it to better understand language . It's the Semiology of communication . The second one is centrifugal (was born in the sixties) and starts from language to understand, through Semiology, other acts . This is the Semiology of Signification, or even better, Semiology of Connotation . Barthes *** We can't say that there are other systems of signs that have enough amplitude. As soon as we try to find any with enough psychological depth , we go back to language . Objects, images and behaviours do signify, but never by themselves.
*** For example, the visual substance uses language to reinforce its signifiers, and at least part of it is in a relationship of "relevo" (relay) with the language. Also, objects become systems through language , for it defines its significants and separates its signifiers. We're a civilization of the written word, so it's difficult to imagine any other system of images or objects whose meaning is outside language.
Sooner or later through Semiology we find language again , not only as a model, but as a component, "relevo" (relay) and meaning. But this is not the same language of the linguist. Its units are the longer fragments of speech , and therefore they signify "under" language but never without it. Therefore, Semiology might be destined to be absorbed into Trans-Linguistics , whose object would be the signifying groups made of articulate language.
Ergo, we might be able to turn around de Saussure's proposition : it's not Linguistics a part of Semiology, but Semiology a part of Linguistics , the part that studies the bigger signifying units of discourse. From here there are two branches of study, the Syntagmatic one, which deals with the analysis of the structure of the message , and the Paradigmatic one which takes care of the classification of the units of connotation. They come together in the "message", their intersection point. Jakobson According to him any communicative act has six elements: Destinador ( addresser , the one who sends the message), Mensaje ( Message ), Destinatario ( addressee , the one who receives it), Contexto ( Context , the referent, should be able to be understood by the addressee, and verbal or able to be verbalized), Contacto ( Contact , a physical channel and a psychological connection) and Código ( Code , common at least partly to addresser and addressee).
Prieto Something becomes an Index (indicator? ) when from proving that it belongs to a certain class we can derive that another event belongs to another class. There are three categories: Spontaneous (they give indications without having been meant to, such as in nature or involuntary acts), Falsely Spontaneous (give indications and were meant to, but must not show that, like an actor faking an accent), and Intentional (give indications having been meant to AND show they were meant to do so).
An autonomous intentional index is a signal . The use of signals defines communication . An act of communication is when a sender, when producing a signal, tries to give an indication to the receiver . The study of that indication of the base of Semiology of Communication. Sol. 
